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The Watonwan River

Haycraft, Julius E.
Written by a lifelong resident of the region, this brief history of the Watonwan River, one of the major tributaries of the Minnesota, includes anecdotes about ferry and mill activities along the river, descriptions of two early river towns, selected historical events, and depictions of well known residents. The river itself is described only briefly.
Watershed(s): 

Minnesota as Seen by Travelers: Up the Minnesota Valley to Fort Ridgely in 1853

Babcock, Willoughby M.
This piece presents a report, originally published in the May 7, 1853 issues of the Minnesotian and most likely written by its editor John P. Owens, of a trip by steamer up the Minnesota River to Fort Ridgely. Observations include the serpentine character of the river and numerous snags encountered the presence of farms and newly formed towns along the route, and the nature of the land at the confluence with the Cottonwood River. The author of the report was impressed by the agricultural and mineral resources of the valley, commenting on farming lands, timber, water, and stone.

Minnesota and its Resources

Bond , J. Wesley
This work recounts the early history of Minnesota and celebrates its virtues which attracted new settlers to the territory. It includes a chapter on the "Minnesota River Country," in which the author describes, in glowing terms, the region's landscape, soil fertility, timber resources, and water. Bond doubts "whether any portion of the west presents greater inducements for immigration that the charming valley of the Minnesota river." To make his case, he presents excerpts from reports by early explorers, including Carver, Featherstonhaugh, and Nicollet.

Thoreau in Minnesota

Flanagan, John T.
Reporting on Henry David Thoreau's 1861 trip to Minnesota a year before his death, this article includes Thoreau's comments on a journey up the Minnesota River to the Lower Sioux Agency. He remarked on the winding nature of the rivers, its fertile valley, various bird and animal life, and navigation methods of the large steamboat on which he was traveling. Thoreau's observations also included the Indians at the agency; he particularly noted their apparent dissatisfaction with the white man's treatment of them.

Thoreau and Mann on the Minnesota River, June 1861

Harding, Walter
This article presents Horace Mann Jr.'s description of the 1861 trip he took with Henry David Thoreau's journey to Minnesota from May to July of 1861, the "last journey" before his death. His travels included a voyage up and down the Minnesota River from Fort Snelling to the Lower Sioux Agency. The accounts include descriptions of Fort Snelling, the river and its valley, trees and flowers, birds and snakes, wild rice, steamboat navigation, and the Indians at the agency.

The First and Last Journeys of Thoreau: Lately Discovered Among His Unpublished Journals and Manuscripts

Sanborn, Franklin Benjamin
This second of two volumes deals with Henry Thoreau's journey to Minnesota from May to July of 1861, the "last journey" before his death. His His travels included a voyage up and down the Minnesota River from Fort Snelling to the Lower Sioux Agency. The accounts include descriptions of Fort Snelling, the river and its valley, trees and flowers, birds and snakes, wild rice, steamboat navigation, and the Indians at the agency.

Voyage Down the Minnesota

Krohn, Tim
This series of articles and photographs chronicles an eleven-day canoe trip taken by two newspaper reporters down the Minnesota River in the summer of 1998. The authors comment on river conditions and the character of the surrounding lands from the headwaters at Big Stone Lake to the confluence with the Mississippi River in the Twin Cities. Companion stories provide historical information and highlight various citizen efforts to protect the river.

Geology of Minnesota: A Centennial Volume

Sims, P.K.
This extensive volume, published on the 100th anniversary of the Minnesota Geological Survey, was intended to summarize knowledge (as of 1972) of the geology of Minnesota. Organized by historical periods (Early Precambrian, middle Precambrian, late Precambrian, Paleozoic and Mesozoic, and Cenozoic), most sections include an article focusing on the geology of the Minnesota River Valley region.

The Minnesota Valley in the Ice Age

Upham, Warren
Written by an assistant on the Geological and Natural History survey of Minnesota, this paper discusses the geological origins of the Minnesota River Valley. After providing a general view of the modern-day makeup of the valley (e.g., rock formations, bluffs, and tributaries), the author explores in more depth its condition during and after the Ice Age.

Minnesota River: Letter from the Secretary of War, Transmitting a report of the result of the examination and survey of the Minnesota River

Warren, General G.K.
Compiled by General G.K. Warren of the early Army Corps of Engineers, this document is the final report on a survey of the Minnesota River authorized by Congress to determine the river's navigability. Part I consists of an account of river surveys conducted by Warren in 1866 and 1867, along with a listing of various other sources of information such as reports by Long, Featehrstonhaugh, Nicollet, and Carver. Part II discusses important physical features of the Minnesota River, including its oversized valley.

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