Reporting on Henry David Thoreau's 1861 trip to Minnesota a year before his death, this article includes Thoreau's comments on a journey up the Minnesota River to the Lower Sioux Agency. He remarked on the winding nature of the rivers, its fertile valley, various bird and animal life, and navigation methods of the large steamboat on which he was traveling. Thoreau's observations also included the Indians at the agency; he particularly noted their apparent dissatisfaction with the white man's treatment of them.