Wetland Water Quality Functions: Literature Review and considerations for Wetland Restoration/Creation in the Minnesota River Basin

This section of MRAP Volume II discusses the function of wetlands as they relate to water quality considerations. This goal was met through a literature review. Wetland literature was reviewed to evaluate the functions of run-off, recharge, mass transfer of ions and biochemical transformations which occur in the sediments and vegetation. These functions allow wetlands to give the ecosystem resilience during times of climatic instability. When wetlands are over-run by excess sediments and nutrients wetlands are no longer able to perform these functions. The use of best management practices in the upland areas can prevent degradation. Wetland restoration is a best management practice that has the potential of improving the water quality in the Minnesota River Basin. The literature suggests that wetlands can have a positive Impact on water quantity, quality and nutrient/sediment loading. Also, the literature suggests that Riparian best management practices could be employed to intercept and treat nonpoint source pollution. The conclusion drawn by the authors is that wetland creation/restoration may be an essential step to improve water quality in the Minnesota River.